1. Basic components of batteries
Positive electrode and negative electrode: The main parts for storing electrical energy, composed of active substances and conductive materials.
Electrolyte: The medium for ion transport between the positive and negative electrodes.
Separator: Prevents the positive and negative electrodes from directly contacting each other and causing a short circuit, while allowing ions to pass through.

2. How batteries work
Charging process: The positive electrode active material releases electrons, and the electrons flow to the negative electrode through the external circuit; the ions released by the positive electrode migrate to the negative electrode through the electrolyte.
Discharge process: ions and electrons flow in opposite directions, releasing stored electrical energy.
Reversibility of chemical reactions: allows batteries to be charged and discharged repeatedly.

3. Battery Energy storage system composition
The battery itself: the core energy storage component.
Battery Management System (BMS): monitors battery status to ensure safe and efficient operation.
Power Conversion System (PCS): Converts DC power into AC power for use by external devices.
Thermal management system: maintains the battery within the appropriate operating temperature range.

4. Battery energy storage system application
Power system: realize peak shaving and valley filling, frequency and voltage regulation, and improve the stability and economy of the power grid.
Transportation sector: The popularization of electric vehicles depends on high-performance battery energy storage systems.
Home energy storage and industrial energy storage: important application areas.

5. Challenges and prospects of battery energy storage systems
challenge:
Improve energy density and power density.
Reduce costs.
Improve safety and lifespan.
Recycling of used batteries.

prospect:
The emergence of new materials and technologies will improve performance and reduce costs.
Play an important role in the fields of smart grid and renewable energy.
Build a cleaner, more efficient and sustainable energy system.

Battery energy storage systems store and release electrical energy through their core components and chemical reactions, and are widely used in power, transportation, home, and industry. Despite many challenges, they have broad prospects as technology advances and will play a key role in the future energy system. If you have any interested please feel free contact us at info@ptpbattery.com.